“一国两制”理论中公法概念的动态变迁——以《反分裂国家法》为核心的公法学解析

Dynamic Transition of Public Law in the “One Country,Two Systems” Policy

"一国两制"是我国一项以解决国家统一为主要目标的基本方针,同时也是一项以多元制度的并存与共生为主要内容的治理政策与宪法制度。随着历史的发展,"一国两制"中具体概念的内涵也处于动态变迁之中。《反分裂国家法》的制定出台,将这一变迁过程以法律的形式固定了下来,这其中主要的是"一国"概念从"中华人民共和国"向"中国"的变化。从制宪权与宪定权之间关系的角度切入分析,可以较好地解释这一变化。《反分裂国家法》中所创造的主权新"意象",还引出了该法的法律属性与其适用范围问题,对于这些问题的回答,有助于理解与把握该法的特殊本质,而这种特殊性质,决定了其高度的政治性与历史阶段性。

＂One country,two systems＂is a basic policy aiming at national unity,and it is also a constitutional institution focusing on the coexistence of polybasic secondary institutions. Historically,the meanings of concrete concepts in this policy have been experiencing dynamic transition. To some extent,the transition is confirmed by the enactment of Anti-Secession Law. In this process,the most noticeable transition is the meaning change of ＂one country ＂from ＂PRC ＂to ＂China＂,which can be interpreted correctly from the perspective of the connection between constituent power and constituted power. The new＂image ＂of sovereignty which is created in the Anti-Secession Lawalso arouses other complex questions,such as its legal attributes and application scope,and the answers to these questions are helpful to have an insight into the essence of the law.