同性恋理论研究:从标签-互动论、建构论到酷儿理论

Review of Gay Studies: from Label-Interactionism,Constructionism to Queer Theory

20世纪60年代以来,研究同性恋的主要理论视角有标签-互动论、建构主义和酷儿理论,相应地,研究对象也经历了"越轨者"(贬抑)、"身份-角色类别"(中性)和"酷儿"(涵括性)的转变。标签-互动论主要包括贝克尔的标签理论、麦金托什的"同性恋角色"以及盖格农和西蒙的"性脚本"理论。麦金托什的角色研究和福柯的性话语分析推动了建构主义的发展,建构主义反对本质主义,认为同性恋是一种社会—历史—文化的产物。酷儿理论挑战传统的同性恋身份与主体政治,反对稳定单一的性身份,它关注性知识与性实践压制差异的方式,以试图将同性恋理论转变成一般性的社会理论。

Label-Interactionism,constructionism and queer theory are the main theories concerning gay study since 1960 s,correspondingly,the objects of gay studies also go through a change from ＂deviant＂and ＂identity-role category ＂to ＂queer＂. Label interactionism includes Howard Becker＇s label theory,Mary Mc Intosh＇s ＂homosexual role＂and Gagnon Simon＇s ＂sexual script＂theory. Mc Intosh＇s role studies and Michel Foucault＇s sexual discourse analysis promote the development of social constructionism,which refutes essentialism,taking gay as a social-historical-cultural product. Queer theory challenges traditional gay identity and subject politics,opposing stable,unitary sexual identity. It focuses on sexual learning and the ways of sexual practice suppression differences,trying to turn the gay theories into general social theories.