争议与反思:持有型犯罪之罪过问题研究

Disputes and Reflections: Research on Crime Problem of Possession Crime

学界对持有型犯罪主观罪过难以证明的问题,主要有三种不同观点:严格责任说有客观归责风险,且有违无罪推定之精神;优势证据说与我国刑事司法审判实情不相符;持有人最后辩护权说则与刑事被告人最后陈述程序存在功能重合之嫌。从法律移植应考虑文化差异、犯罪主客观方面应地位趋同以及人权保障与严密法网应功能并重等角度来看,各争议观点皆未能合理解决持有型犯罪主观罪过问题。对持有型犯罪的追诉有必要回归传统责任主义,根据犯罪具体特点的不同,区别对待静态犯罪与动态犯罪。

There are three different opinions on the problem that the subjective crime of holding crime is difficult to be proved in the academic circles. Strict liability means risk of objective imputation and violation of presumption of innocence. The theory of superiority evidence is not consistent with the actual situation of criminal justice in China. The last defense right of a holder is a coincidence with the function of criminal defendant＇s last statement procedure. From the perspective of legal transplantation,one should consider the cultural differences,the convergence of the subjective and objective aspects of crime,the equal protection of human rights and the strict function of the law. It is necessary to return to the traditional responsibility doctrine for the prosecution of the crime of holding type. According to the different specific characteristics of the crime,the static crime and the dynamic crime are treated differently.