柑桔与大田作物生产成本和收益的比较研究

A comparative study on the production cost and profit of citrus fruits and field crops

为比较柑桔与大田作物生产成本与收益的差异,分析了2016年柑、桔、小麦、棉花、油菜和玉米的直接生产费用构成及间接生产费用构成,通过产值、产量、单价、净利润、成本利润率5个收益指标对2006年和2016年的数据进行对比分析,同时对所选农产品2006—2016年的生产总成本和净利润变化情况进行比较。结果显示,柑桔的生产成本与收益均远高于大田作物,11年间柑桔和大田作物的生产总成本均呈上升趋势,柑和桔在部分年份有所下降,大田作物基本表现为逐年增长;2016年,柑和桔的产值分别达到375.08元/hm2和301.88元/hm2,分别为2006年的2.1倍和1.2倍,所比较的大田作物中,2016年产值最高的是棉花,为121.22元/hm2;通过对净利润进行比较发现,柑的净利润在总体上呈上升趋势,除2008年外,桔的净利润始终维持在77元/hm2以上,而大田作物近几年的利润有所下降;与小麦、棉花、油菜、玉米这些大田作物相比,柑桔在生产中具有较强的优势。提出促进柑桔产业发展的若干对策建议,包括优化物质投入结构、提高机械化水平、加大科技投入以及加强政府支持力度等。

In order to compare the differences in the production cost and profit of citrus fruits and field crops,this paper analysed the composition of the direct and indirect production costs in terms of mandarins,tangerines,wheat,cotton,rapeseed and maize in 2016. In addition,the data of 2006 and 2016 were compared and analyzed through the five income indicators ：output value,production,unit price,net profit,and cost-profit rate. At the same time,changes in the total production cost and the net profit of selected agricultural products were compared from 2006 to 2016. The results showed that the production cost and profit of citrus fruits were much higher than field crops. The total production cost of citrus fruits and field crops showed an increasing trend in the last decade. The cost of mandarins and tangerines decreased in certain years,however,the cost of field crops grew consistently. In2016,the output values of mandarins and tangerines reached 375.08 RMB per hectare and 301.88 RMB per hectare respectively,which were 2.1 times and 1.2 times that of 2006 respectively. Among the field crops researched,the highest output value came from cotton in 2016,which was 121.22 RMB per hectare. In terms of net profits,the net profit of the mandarins experienced an upward trend overall and the net profit of tangerines maintained above 77 RMB per hectare except 2008,while the net profit of field crops decreased in recent years. Therefore,compared with field crops such as wheat,cotton,rapeseed and maize,citrus fruits should have priority in production. Based on the analysis,this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the development of the citrusindustry,including optimizing the material investment structure,improving the mechanization level,increasing the investment of science and technology and strengthening the government support.