不同胭脂鱼混养模式的产量与综合效益分析

Yields and comprehensive benefits of different polyculture modes of Chinese sucker Myxocyprinus asiaticus

为探讨胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)养殖模式中的结构优化,对不同胭脂鱼混养模式的产量与综合效益进行了研究。实验设置了5个模式,分别为胭脂鱼单养(M_1)、胭脂鱼与黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)混养(放养密度:P_1为2∶1、P_2为1∶1、P_3为1∶2)、胭脂鱼、黄颡鱼和长吻鮠(Leiocassis longirostris)混养(放养密度:P4为1∶1∶0.6)。结果显示:与M_1养殖模式相比,P_1、P_2和P_3养殖模式下的胭脂鱼平均重量、成活率、增重率和特定生长率均无显著性差异(P>0.05),而P4模式则显著降低(P<0.05)。各模式下总产量为179.39~226.21 g·m^(-2),其中M_1模式最低,P4模式最高。饲料系数为1.34~1.67,其中M_1模式最高,P4模式最低。各模式之间水体温度、溶氧和亚硝酸盐浓度均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。总N、P浓度以M_1模式下最低,P4模式下最高。各模式的N、P利用率分别为20.51%~24.20%和12.54%~15.37%,与M_1模式相比,P_1、P_2和P_3模式均无显著性差异,而P4模式则显著提高(P<0.05)。在经济效益和综合效益方面,与M_1模式相比,P_1、P_2和P_3模式均无显著性差异(P>0.05),而P4模式则显著提高(P<0.05)。研究表明,将胭脂鱼与黄颡鱼和长吻鮠混养,可以提高产量、NP利用率、池塘养殖经济和综合效益。

In order to provide references for structure optimization in Chinese sucker Myxocyprinus asiaticus polyculture modes,studies of the yields and comprehensive benefits of different polyculture modes of Chinese sucker Myxocyprinus asiaticus were conducted. Five modes were set： Chinese sucker monoculture（ M1）;polyculture of Chinese sucker and yellow catfish with three different proportions（ stocking density： P12∶ 1,P21∶ 1 and P31 ∶ 2）; polyculture of Chinese sucker,yellow catfish and Chinese longsnout catfish（ stocking density： P41∶ 1∶ 0. 6）. Compared with the mean weight,survival rate,rate of body weight gain and specific growth rate of Chinese sucker of M1,those of P1,P2 and P3 did not vary significantly（ P〈 0. 05）,while those of P4 reduced significantly（ P 0. 05）. The total yields under different modes ranged from 179. 39 g·m-2 to 226. 21 g·m-2,of which M1 mode was the lowest and P4 mode was the highest. The feed coefficients of different modes ranged from 1. 34 to 1. 67,of which M1 mode was the highest and P4 mode was the lowest.There was no significant difference in water temperature,dissolved oxygen and nitrite concentration among different modes（ P 〉0. 05）. The water total N and P concentrations of M1 mode were the lowest,and those of P4 mode were the highest. The N and P utilization rates were 20. 51%-24. 2% and 12. 54%-15. 37%,respectively. Compared with the N or P utilization rates of M1 mode,those of P1,P2 and P3 modes did not vary significantly（ P〉 0. 05）,while P4 modes increased significantly（ P〈 0. 05）. Compared with the N and P utilization rates of M1 mode,those of P1,P2 and P3 modes did not vary significantly（ P〉 0. 05）,while those of P4 mode increased significantly（ P〈 0. 05）. Compared with the economic and comprehensive benefits of M1 mode,those of P1,P2 and P3 modes did not vary significantly（ P 〉0. 05）,while those of P4 mode increased significantly（ P〈 0. 05）. Based on these results,it might be concluded that polyculture of Chinese Sucker, yellow catfish and Chinese longsnout catfish could obviously improve the yield, NP utilization,economic and comprehensive benefits.