本科护生职业成熟度现状及影响因素分析

Study on the status and influencing factors of vocational maturity of undergraduate nursing students

目的 了解本科护生职业成熟度现状,并探讨其影响因素.方法 采用便利抽样法, 2016年11月—2017年2月选取470名郑州大学护理学院大三本科护生为研究对象,采用一般资料问卷、大学生职业成熟度量表、大学生适应性量表、大学生生涯自我效能量表对其进行调查.回收有效问卷367份,采用Pearson相关分析护生职业成熟度与适应性及生涯自我效能的相关性,采用多元逐步回归分析护生职业成熟度的影响因素.结果 本科护生职业成熟度总分为（107.67±10.35）分,处于中等水平.护生大学生适应性量表总分、大学生生涯自我效能量表总分均与大学生职业成熟度量表总分呈正相关（r值分别为0.580、0.140;P〈0.01）.职业选择适应性、克服阻碍效能、难度知觉、生活自理适应性、信心程度、结果预期是本科护生职业成熟度的影响因素（P〈0.05）.结论 在护理教育中应重视学生的职业教育,加强对学生的适应性和生涯自我效能培养,以提高护生的职业成熟度水平.

Objective To understand the status of vocational maturity of undergraduate nursing students and to discuss the influencing factors. Methods From November 2016 to February 2017, a total of 470 undergraduate in junior grade from School of Nursing of Zhengzhou University were selected as the research objects by convenient sampling method. They were investigated with a general information questionnaire, Career Maturity Inventory （CMI）, College Student Adaptability Inventory （CSAI）, and the Measuring Scale of Career Self-efficacy. A total of 367 valid questionnaires were collected. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between career maturity and adaptability, career maturity and self-efficacy of nursing students. Multiple stepwise regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of career maturity of nursing students. Results The total score of occupation maturity of undergraduate nursing students was （107.67±10.35）, which was at a middle level. The total score of adaptability and career self-efficacy were positively correlated with the total score of career maturity （r=0.580, 0.140; P〈 0.01）. Career choice adaptability, overcoming obstacles effectiveness, difficulty perception, self-care adaptability, confidence level and outcome expectation were the influencing factors of career maturity of undergraduate nursing students （P〈0.05）. Conclusions In nursing education, we should attach importance to students＇ vocational education, enhance their adaptability and career self-efficacy, so as to improve their career maturity.