卵黄性腹膜炎、鸡白血病对种鸡死亡率、产蛋率影响的初步调查

Preliminary Investigation of Effect of Egg Yolk Peritonitis and Avian Leucosis on Mortality and Laying Rate of Breeder

为了探讨卵黄性腹膜炎和鸡白血病对种鸡死亡率和产蛋率的影响,在2016年1月至2017年4月中旬,对江苏省常州市某种鸡场岭南黄鸡、花鸡(金茅花鸡)、草鸡(金茅草鸡)、黄脚麻鸡4个品种鸡的发病及死亡情况进行临床症状观察及病理剖解;同时记录鸡场每日的鸡死亡数、产蛋数、每日免疫和用药情况,分析不同时期的死亡率和产蛋率,比较不同品种鸡的产蛋率及产蛋高峰期产蛋率与正常蛋鸡产蛋高峰期产蛋率(参考值80%)之间的差异。从死亡鸡的剖解结果来看,腹腔内卵黄凝固黏连在肠道上,输卵管肿大,充满白色或淡黄色干酪样物,初步诊断为卵黄性腹膜炎;肝脏和脾脏肿大,肠系膜或胸壁有肿瘤状物体,初步诊断为鸡白血病。岭南黄鸡产蛋后期的死亡率极显著高于产蛋上升期和高峰期(P<0.01),黄脚麻鸡产蛋后期的死亡率极显著低于产蛋高峰期(P<0.01);花鸡、草鸡、黄脚麻鸡产蛋高峰期产蛋率平均值均低于60%,与参考值(80%)差异极显著(P<0.01)。综合试验结果,卵黄性腹膜炎和鸡白血病对鸡场影响严重,导致鸡死亡率上升,产蛋率下降;抗应激药和营养药可以起到缓解预防的作用,但无法根治,尚无有效的治疗方法。

The aim of this study was to investigate effect of egg yolk peritonitis and avian leucosis on the morbidity and mortality of breeder.In this experiment,we observed clinical symptom and pathological anatomy of morbidity and mortality of 4 breeds of chickens,Lingnan broiler chickens,Hua chickens,Cao chickens and Huangjiao Ma chickens from January 2016 to mid-April 2017 in a Jiangsu breeder farm.At the same time,the daily data of mortality and laying rate,immunity and medication of chicken deaths,and the mortality and laying rate in different periods were recorded and analyzed.And then the differences between laying rate and egg production rate at peak period of different breeds in contrast with the normal （reference value,80%） were compared.The results showed that there were egg yolk solidified in the intestines,and the tubal swollen,filled with white or yellowish cheese from the dead chicken anatomy,and this symptom was diagnosed egg yolk peritonitis.There were hepatosplenomegaly,mesentery or chest wall tumor like objects of chicken which was diagnosed avian leukosis.At the later laying period,Lingnan broiler chickens’ mortality was extremely significantly higher than that in the rising and peak period （ P 〈0.01）,and Huangjiao Ma chickens’ mortality was extremely significantly lower than that in the peak period （ P 〈0.01）.The average laying rates of Hua chickens,Cao chickens and Huangjiao Ma chickens were less than 60%,extremely significantly lower compared to that of the reference value （80%） in the peak period （ P 〈0.01）.The results indicated that there was serious influence on the chicken farm by egg yolk peritonitis and avian leucosis which led to the reduction of laying rate and increase of mortality.There was no radical cure although anti-stress and nutritional medicine had a preventive effect,and there was no effective treatment at the moment.