CO_2加富对温室番茄植株源-库间NSC积累的影响

Effect of Greenhouse CO_2 Enrichment on NSC Accumulation in Sources/Sinks of Tomato Plant

以‘兴海12号’番茄为试材,通过对生长发育期植株进行增施CO_2处理,使CK、T1、T2、T3的CO_2含量分别维持在(400±25)、(600±25)、(800±25)、(1000±25)μmol·mol^(1)水平,分析不同时期各器官中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖与淀粉含量,探讨增施CO_2对番茄植株‘源-库’间非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累的影响。结果表明:经CO_2加富处理后,番茄植株各器官中NSC含量均高于对照。随着果实的生长发育,成熟期叶片中葡萄糖含量达最大值,其中(1000±25)μmol·mol^(1)处理下成熟期叶片中葡萄糖含量较对照显著增加94%;且(1000±25)μmol·mol^(1)处理下各时期叶片中蔗糖含量均显著高于其他处理和对照;而(800±25)μmol·mol^(1)处理下叶片中淀粉含量较低。不同加富处理下,各维管器官中NSC含量均增加,尤其是(1000±25)μmol·mol^(1)处理下茎部NSC含量在果实发育的前三个时期均最高。CO_2加富处理对萼片中NSC含量的影响不是很显著,但能够加快蔗糖与淀粉的降解,促进果实成熟过程中还原糖的积累,其中(800±25)μL·L^(1)处理下成熟期果实中葡萄糖与果糖含量较对照分别显著增加46%和42%。可见,CO_2加富促进NSC在番茄植株各器官中的积累,促进光合产物向库端器官的积累,利于提高果实中糖分,其中以(800±25)μmol·mol^(1)处理效果最佳。

Effect of CO2 enrichment on the accumulation of nonstructural carbohydrate（NSC）in tomato plants was studied in a greenhouse.The atmospheric CO2 concentration was maintained at 400±25μmol/mol（CK）,600±25μmol/mol（T1）,800±25μmol/mol（T2）,or 1,000±25μmol/mol（T3）during the entire growth period of Xinghai No.12 tomato plants.Contents of glucose,fructose,sucrose and starch in the sources and sinks of individual plants were determined.The results indicated that CO2 enrichment increased the NSC in various organs of aplant.As the plants grew and developed,the glucose content in the leaves peaked when the fruits were ripening.The content increased 94% over CK under T3 when CO2 at the highest level.At T3,the sucrose content remained highest among all treatments throughout the entire growth stages.The starch in leaves was relatively low under T2.High CO2 content in the air increased NSC in the vascular organs of the plants,especially the stems,which had the highest content in the first 3 stages of fruit development under T3.In the sepals,the enriched CO2 did not show any significant effect on NSC.However,it hastened the breakdown of sucrose and starch increasing 46% on glucose and 42% on fructose accumulations in the fruits under T2.It appeared that CO2 enrichment could promote the NSC accumulation in various parts of a tomato plant and transport the photosynthates from the source to the sink improving the eating quality of the fruits.Over all,the T2 treatment seemed to be optimal for the purpose.