反刍家畜肠道甲烷的产生与减排技术措施

Intestinal Tract Methane Production and Emission Reduction Measures in Ruminants

甲烷是造成温室效应的重要诱因之一,也是反刍动物瘤胃发酵过程中重要的能量损失来源。采取有效降低甲烷产量的措施不仅可以降低畜牧养殖业温室气体排放,而且能够提升畜牧养殖业的生产效率、盈利能力和抗风险能力,从而为保障和促进我国节粮型农业和可持续农业发展提供重要的理论依据。文章从反刍动物瘤胃甲烷形成机理入手,系统地阐述了产甲烷菌的生化代谢途径,总结了反刍家畜营养和饲养管理、遗传育种等减排措施,以期为降低甲烷排放、发展低碳畜牧业提供新思路。

Methane is one of the most important causes of greenhouse effect,and it is also an important source of energy loss in the rumen fermentation of ruminants.Therefore,to take effective measures to reduce methane production can not only reduce greenhouse gas emissions in animal husbandry,but also enhance the production efficiency,profitability and risk-resistance capacity of animal husbandry,which will consequently provide a theoretical basis for the protection and promotion of China＇s grain saving agriculture and sustainable agricultural development.This article described the process of ruminal methane formation mechanism,systematically expounded the biochemical metabolic pathways of methanogens,summarized the ruminant nutrition and feeding management,genetic breeding and emission reduction measures,aiming to provide new ideas for reducing methane emission,and thus contribute to the low carbon development of animal husbandry.