现代中日外来语借入方式对比

Comparative Study on the Borrowing Mode of Loan Words in Modern Chinese and Japanese

外来语词汇的制造是伴随外来概念的输入发生的。外来语也是研究异文化接触与受容的重要渠道。概念的选择受文化的影响,而外来语的构词则更多受到语言体系的制约。通过对比吸收汉字文化圈以及非汉字文化圈外来概念时汉日语中外来语造词音、形、义的异同,可以推测中日语言体系在外来语造词上的特点,进而探究语言体系所反映的中日文化在外来文化受容方面的偏好。研究得知,外来语引入时保守型的现代汉语倾向于意译,而开放型的现代日语更倾向于音译。

The loan words appear with the importing of foreign concept.As the loan words are also an important channel to study cultural contacting and accommodation.The selection of concept is affected by culture,and the word-formation of loan word is greatly limited by language system.By contrasting the difference of Chinese and Japanese in the pronunciation,morphology and the meaning of a word in wordformation of the loan words in foreign concept of Chinese cultural circle and non-Chinese cultural circle,we can predict the characteristics of Chinese and Japanese language system and preference on the reception of foreign concept.The study shows that the modern Chinese is conservative and tends to be free translation when the foreign language is introduced.Although the modern Japanese is open and more inclined to transliteration.