“男性运动员三联征”研究进展

Research progression of “male athlete triad”

"男性运动员三联征"主要征象包括低能量供应(伴或不伴有进食障碍)、低促性腺素性性功能减退症和低骨密度,严重影响男性运动员的身心健康和运动表现,其发病机制复杂,临床表现多样,易误诊和漏诊。建议从事按体重分级或强调低体重项目的男性运动员若以反复发作的骨应力性损伤为首发症状,特别是合并相关危险因素(如体重指数≤17.5 kg/m2、使用控体重手段等)以及非特异性症状(疲劳、贫血、性功能减退、过度训练综合征等)时,应进一步追查营养状况、下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能和骨密度。积极预防以及早发现、早诊断和早治疗是降低"男性运动员三联征"对参训者身心健康与运动表现不良影响的重要手段。

＂Male athlete triad＂,representation of low energy availability（ with or without eating disorders）,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and low bone mineral density,severely affected physical and mental health and exercise performance of male athletes. The characteristics of this disease included complicated pathogenesis, diverse clinical manifestation and easy diagnostic errors and missed diagnosis. Male athletes participating in sports of weight class or emphasizing low-body weight initially present with bone stress injury,especially together with risk factors（ such as BMI≤17.5 kg/m^2,use of body weight control） and related non-specific symptoms（ such as fatigue,anemia,defective ejaculation and overtraining syndrome） should investigate nutritional status,function of hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis and bone mineral density. It was important to reduce adverse effect of ＂ male athlete triad＂ on physical and mental health and exercise performance of trainees by positive prevent and early detection.