中国农村反贫困战略中的扶贫政策与社会保障政策

The Policy of Poverty Alleviation and Social Security in the Anti-poverty Strategy of China's Rural Areas

改革开放以来,中国农村反贫困依靠经济发展、开发扶贫、社会保障三管齐下,取得了巨大成就。随着农村贫困人口的快速减少,反贫困政策也在不断调整中,最近反贫困政策的调整集中体现在精准扶贫政策的出台。精准扶贫如何与低保政策衔接成为当前农村反贫困战略的重要问题。与其他国家不同,中国的反贫困制度设计实际上是同时存在两套不同的功能互补的制度体系的,其中,扶贫政策重在环境建设,重点是为贫困地区有劳动力的农户增收创造环境条件。社会保障政策则是为所有缺少劳动力因而缺少响应市场条件能力的农户家庭提供基本生活保障。目前反贫困领域存在的政策错位可能造成政策效率的损失。

Since the Reform and Opening up, the policy of poverty alleviation has made great achievements based on economic developments, developing poverty alleviation, and social security. With the rapid reduction of the rural poor population, the anti-poverty policy is also being constantly adjusted. The recent adjustment of anti-poverty policy is concentrated on the implementation of the targeted poverty alleviation policy. How to connect the targeted poverty alleviation policy with the policy of basic living allowances has become an important issue in the current rural anti-poverty strategy. Different from other countries,China＇s anti-poverty system actually has two systems of complementary functions at the same time, among them, the policy of poverty alleviation focusing on environmental construction, the key of which is to create environmental conditions for the peasant household with labor force in poor areas to increase income. The policy of social security is to provide the basic livelihood security for all households lacking labor force to respond to market. At present, the misplacement of policy in the field of anti-poverty may result in the loss of policy efficiency.