病灶与出路:对东北区域经济发展问题的再认识

On the Problems and Solutions of Northeast Regional Economic Development

东北经济从来就没有真正健康过。所谓"曾经的辉煌"不过是由丰厚的资源支撑起来的数量型低效经济。其病态不是塌陷,而是乏力,病灶的核心不是结构,而是体制。从体制上医治乏力,"结构经济学"的"处方"不会有效。以"重振雄风"为目标,单纯地上项目、铺摊子,只能放大已经形成的病态。受内外诸方面条件制约,以解决体制问题为根本实现战略脱困,在整体方略上不能依赖东北自癒,而必须由中央政府通过顶层设计,以消除"管制体制"为突破口,实施"系统救治"。要以中心城市为重心实施政府服务功能重组、以缩减和裁撤机构为重点大幅精官简政、以经济自贸区为规范建立低门槛市场经济体制、以朝鲜半岛为主要方向加强周边环境塑造。产业重点的选择是重工业和农业,而不是轻工业。

Northeast economy has never been really healthy. Once brilliant achievement is merely quantitative inefficient economy supported by rich resources. Because of the system problem, it is in a state of weakness. Structural economics has no significant effect on changing this weakness from the system. Simply carrying out projects aiming at reviving the momentum can only make this weak situation more serious. In order to realize strategic extrication from difficulties, the government should adopt the top-level design to eliminate the ＂controlled system＂ as the starting point and implement the ＂systematic treatment＂ instead of relying on the self-healing of the Northeast in formulating the overall strategy because of the restriction of internal and external conditions. At the same time, it is necessary to take the central cities as the focus to implement the functional reorganization of government services, reduce and abolish institutions as the emphasis to optimize government administration, standardize the economic free trade zone to establish a low-threshold market economic system, and strengthen the surrounding environment around the Korean peninsula. Instead of light industry, the emphasis is on heavy industry and agriculture.