论达标排污致他人损害的责任承担

On Responsibility of Damage Caused by Compliance Discharge

尽管我国现行法律对排污标准之环境侵权归责效力的规定存在一定的矛盾,但相关规定逐渐与传统理论靠拢,即环境侵权责任适用无过错责任原则。达标排污即遵守相关排污标准不能成为排污者免除环境侵权责任的理由。但是,我国有关环境侵权的司法实践并没有完全接受无过错责任原则。因此,传统理论对环境侵权责任归责原则的统一解释显得有些力不从心。实际上,达标排污所致环境侵权的关键原因在于相关排污标准与环境质量标准之间存在脱节,而造成这种脱节的主要原因是相关政府部门怠于履行其环境保护职责。在这种情况下,如果要求排污者对其排污行为的最终后果负责,实行无过错责任,对排污者过于苛刻。基于侵权责任法优先满足矫正正义的要求,一种合理的建议就是达标排污所致环境侵权的责任应当由政府承担,实行国家赔偿。

Although current legal provisions of the effectiveness of environmental tort liability of emission standards in China are contradictory in some aspects,the relevant provisions gradually move closer to the traditional theory that environmental tort liability applies to no-fault liability principle.Compliance with emission standards cant be the excuse for environmental polluters exempting from tort liability.However,the judicial practice of environmental tort did not fully accept the principle of nofault liability.Therefore,the traditional theory of the uniform interpretation of environmental tort liability principle looks bloated.In fact,the key reason of environmental tort due to standard sewage is the disconnection between the relevant emission standards and environmental quality standards,and this disconnection is caused by the failure of relevant government departments to comply with their environmental protection responsibilities.In this case,it is too harsh to require polluters to account for the ultimate consequences of their sewage behavior.Therefore,environmental pollution tort liability due to standard sewage should be assumed by the government,which is based on the requirement that the Tort Law preferentially meets corrective justice.