绿灯倒计时影响下机动车微观驾驶行为分析与决策建模

Analysis of Microscopic Driving Behavior and Modeling of Decision-making Effected by Green Signal Countdown

机动车在交叉口信号相位切换期间的驾驶行为对于城市道路交通安全至为重要,本文对绿灯倒计时影响下的机动车微观驾驶行为与"通过/停止"决策进行研究.首先,利用驾驶模拟器进行1组单盲实验来提取车辆的接近速度、反应时间、减速度等参数.其次,详细地刻画了车辆进入交叉口范围至行驶至停止线全过程的微观驾驶行为.再次,综合交通因素及驾驶员个体特征等解释变量,建立了随机效应Logistic模型以描述车辆的"通过/停止"决策行为.结果表明:车辆进入交叉口范围后会"先减速,再加速,再减速",加速通常出现在距停止线30~40 m的范围内,且绿灯倒计时与黄灯启亮前期对驾驶员具有催促作用;速度、距离、年龄、性别对车辆的"通过/停止"决策行为具有显著影响;随机效应Logistic模型比Logistic模型更能表征其他未纳入模型的因素及反映不同交叉口与驾驶员的异质性.

Driving behavior during the signal switching interval is crucial to the safety of urban traffic, this paper investes the microscopic driving behavior and ＂go/stop＂ decision which are affected by the green signal countdown（GSC）. Firstly, a single-blind experiment is conducted using the eight-degree-of-freedom driving simulator, and the approach velocity, perception-reaction time, and deceleration of vehicles is obtained. Secondly,the microscopic driving behavior from entering the intersection to the stop line is described in detail. Thirdly, a random-effect Logistic model is built to describe the＂go/stop＂decision, and the explanatory variables in this model included traffic parameters and drivers＇ individual characteristics. The results show that, when entering the intersection, the vehicle will first slow down, then speed up, and then slow down again, moreover, the acceleration usually appears at a distance of 30~40 m from the stop line, this shows that GSC and the early stage yellow light has an obvious urging effect on drivers. Secondly, vehicle＇s velocity, distance from the stop line, driver＇s age and sex has a significant influence on the ＂pass/stop＂ decision. The random-effect Logistic model can express the factors not in the model and the heterogeneity of intersections and drivers better.