冷战时期罗马尼亚的社会制度转型及其相关档案文献述略

Archival Information about the Transformation of the Romanian Social System in the Cold War Years

冷战时期的罗马尼亚国家档案主要由国家档案馆及其各分馆收藏，其对外开放和利用始于1996年前后，并在本世纪初达到高潮。目前确认的已出版的档案文件集有37种51册。笔者已收集到了其中的25种38册。罗马尼亚这方面的工作在前东欧集团各国中不算落后，但档案文件集编辑出版的数量和种类在东欧各国中似乎偏少。罗马尼亚冷战时期的历史大致可划分为战后社会制度转型期、乔治乌一德治时期、齐奥塞斯库统治的前期和后期4个阶段。其冷战时期的历史和档案最吸引人的地方主要不在于其国内政策，而在于其对外政策。正是东西方冷战和社会主义阵营内部的恩怨，造就了一个特立独行的社会主义的罗马尼亚，也成就了一个历史人物——齐奥塞斯库。

Romanian achieves about the Cold War period are housed in the state archives and its branches.Declassification and utilization of these materials began in 1996 and saw a rapid development at the beginning of this century.So far51 volumes and 37 categories of archives have been published,38 volumes and 25categories of which are in our collection.Among the former members of the East European bloc,Romania is not lagged behind in declassifying government documents,but their publications are relatively small in number.Romanian history in the Cold War period can be divided into four periods:postwar period of social transformation,the Gheorghiu-Dej era,and the early and late Ceausescu eras.The most interesting contents of these archives are not about Romania’s domestic policies but its foreign policies.The East-West Cold War and the internal problems of the Socialist Camp made Romania a unique and independent socialist country,and also created a historical figure,Ceausescu.