国际人才竞争和流动的新趋势

The New Trends of the Competition and Mobility of International Talents

人才的国际流动受到社会发展和学术创新需求的共同驱动。当前，英国脱欧、美国移民政策紧缩、欧洲金融危机等一系列国际政治、经济因素的影响，国际高端人才竞争和流动呈现一些新趋势。英国力图通过专门资助项目，扭转因脱欧而引发的人才外流趋势；法国和德国则着力打造国际顶尖气候人才的中心；加拿大则设立高端人才引进项目，为本国高校引进一批学科带头人。而芬兰近年经历的持续人才流失，则暴露了传统教育强国面对经济大环境变迁遭遇的尴尬。中国的高校人才吸引力和国家人才竞争力虽数量上不断发展，但依然存在引进人才质量和结构方面的不足。基于机遇和挑战并存的国际人才竞争格局，中国需要在推进人才国际化进程中跟进国际趋势、反思自身短板并确立战略重点。

The worldwide mobility of talent is driven by the needs of social development and academic innovation. At present, the influence of a series of international political and economic factors such as the Brexit, the tightening immigration policy of the U. S. , the financial crisis in Europe, have shown some new trends in the competition and mobility of international high-end talent. Britain has sought to reverse the brain drain caused by the Brexit through special funded projects; France and Germany have focused their efforts on building a center for world-class climate talent; and Canada has introduced a high-end program for introducing academic leaders to its universities. On the other hand, the continuous brain drain in Finland in recent years has exposed the awkward situation faced by the traditional education superpower in the face of changes in the economic environment. Although Chinese universities have done much in attracting talent and in increase national competitiveness, there are still some shortcomings in quality and structure of the import of talent. Based on the status quo of international competition for talent with both opportunities and challenges, China needs to follow the international trend in its promotion of internationalization of talent, review its shortcomings and establish strategic priorities.