民事审判中调查令使用规制和完善——以审判中心主义下的法官指挥权为视角

Regulation and Improvement of the Investigation Order in Civil Trial——In the Perspective of the Judge's Command under the Trial Centralism

如果仅仅借由传统视角,对调查令的研究将难有突破;同时,调查令的适用效果也将限于修修补补的藩篱之中。故要从分析调查令的公权力性质出发,明确调查令系法官调查取证权的延伸,继而明确接受调查的第三人对调查令负有证据协力义务。而法官的指挥权引入,将使调查令能动适用,灵活适用,达到调取证据的有效性和对第三人保护的衡平性。建立调查令规则运行的标准,最终将促进审判中心主义的证据规则体系建立。

The research on the investigation order will be hard to break through if it is just from the traditional perspective; at the same time, the application of the investigation order will be limited to the patchwork. Therefore, we should analyze the nature of the public power of the investigation order, make clear that the investigation order is an extension of the judge＇s right of investigation and evidence collection and then make clear that the third party has the cooperation obligations to provide evidence. The introduction of the judge＇s command will enable the investigation order to be applied flexibly, so as to achieve the effectiveness of evidence collection and the balance of the protection of third parties. The establishment of a standard for the operation of investigation order will eventually promote the establishment of a system of evidence-based rules under the Trial Centralism.