从东亚视野看韩国火旺山城出土人形木简

An Overview of Human-shaped Inscribed Wooden Slip Excavated from Fire Mountain City in Korea with a Perspective of East Asia

韩国昌宁火旺山城莲池出土的统一新罗时期人形木简,与中国古代人形木简和日本的人形代有相通之处。此人形木简在头、心、颈、手四处钉有铁钉,恶意伤害明显,不属于解除木简中的移病或驱疫人形木简。同时,人形木简墨绘女性形象,从古代祈雨"开阴""起阴"的理念出发,把代表"阴气"的女性残酷钉缚,献祭与龙王,是不合常理的。因此也不是祈雨简。火旺山城人形木简前额及背后所书字符为镇符,简文"龙王"二字不是为了向龙王祈求降雨,而是为了请神加殃。火旺山城莲池第4号木简为诅咒人形木简。

The human-shaped inscribed wooden slip composed in unified Xin Luo period was unearthed from a lotus pond that located in Changning Fire Mountain city,Korea.It had similarities with ancient Chinese humanshaped inscribed wooden slips and Japanese Hito Katasiro.Because there was serious damage on the wooden slip whose head,heart,neck and hands were confined with nails,it did not belong to inscribed wooden slips that used to disperse plagues and ward off diseases.Meanwhile,the wooden slip depicted the image of women using ink.From the ancient conception of praying for rain using ‘kaiyin’and ‘qiyin’,it was incredibly unreasonable that women were brutally confined and sacrificed to dragon king（god of rain）as they represented＂yin＂.Therefore,it also was not wooden slips for rain-praying.There was Zhenfu on the forehead and back of this human-shaped inscribed wooden slip.Jianwen‘dragon king’was to invoke deities to facilitate harvesting instead of rain-praying.The 4th wooden slip unearthed from the lotus pond in Changning Fire Mountain city was human-shaped wooden slip that was used to curse.