地方人大代表直接联系群众工作的现状及特征

Deputy-voter Direct Contact in Local People's Congress:Evidence from a Case-oriented Content Analysis

人大代表联系群众的方式可分为直接(面对面、即时)及间接(远程且多为非即时)两类。针对近三年内各级人大机关期刊和全国人大网站文章的全样本分析发现,当前地方人大代表直接联系群众工作,主要呈现制度约束较宽而地方积极探索的特征。具体而言,代表视察调研和群众座谈会两种形式存在群众参与度低和缺乏问题导向的问题。走访活动中代表虽然和群众联系较密切,但有演变为类似"送温暖"活动的倾向。代表述职工作主要在实行直选的两级人大开展,一些地方开始尝试将其与评议工作结合,起到很好的效果。总的来说,地方人大代表直接联系群众工作的推进,主要取决于制度支持的方式和力度,人大领导和实务工作者的态度和观念,以及代表履职意愿三方面因素。

Direct contact（ face-to-face,instant contact） and indirect contact（ via email or other forms of indirect contact） constitute two major types of deputy-voter contact. This case-oriented research explores the general patterns and trends of recent deputy-voter direct contact in local People’s Congress. Cases presented by People’s Congress journals and the National People’s Congress webpage articles suggest that the direct contact in local People’s Congress is featured by a loose control from the central authority（ National People’s Congress） and local People’s Congress’ active institutional experiment. In general,further developments of the contact rely on patterns and strength of institutional support; to what extent do Local People’s Congress leaders（ Chairman of the Standing Committee in particular） and staff members recognize the importance of such contact; deputies’ willingness to practice their representativeness.