赛珍珠的中国小说创作论新探

A New Probing of Pearl S.Buck's Chinese Novel Writing Theory

赛珍珠将中国小说创作技法的演变分为前小说(故事)、小说和西式小说(现代小说)三个时期,在总结其写作方法和技巧的特点时主要以元代以后的长篇章回体小说为文本依据。她认为散布于此前各个时期"故事"中的小说美的因子到元代才凝结为新的成熟的艺术形态。她还借用宇宙科学的"星云说"比喻中国传统小说世代积累型的成书过程和模式,反映了西方学者独特的思维模式和取向以及时间、空间两大维度的融合,并认为其题材的世代沿袭、加工和不断再创造这种非独创、非原创的特殊现象是"大众性""平民性"和"民族性"的体现。她认为中国小说也像西方自然主义文学那样具有实验性、生活化、感性化的特质,但没有绝对地将中国小说的写法与西方自然主义等量齐观,而是重在说明中国小说创作强调人和事要像生活的本来面貌一样自然而有真实感。

Pearl S.Buck divided the evolution of the Chinese novel creation techniques into three stages：pre-novel（story）,novel and western-style novel,mainly based on the characteristics of writing methods and skills she summarized from the novels after the Yuan Dynasty.She thought the novel aesthetic factors that spread in the＂story＂of each period didn＇t solidify into a new mature art form until in the Yuan Dynasty.She also borrowed the science of＂nebula theory＂to explain the creation and finalization process and mode of increasing from generation to generation of traditional Chinese novels,reflecting the unique thinking mode,orientation and the fusion of two dimensions of time and space of the western scholars.In addition,she thought that the lack of originality in the inherited,processed and recreated subjects actually reflected Chinese novels＇ proximity to the masses,the common and the Chinese nation.She thought that Chinese ancient novels also had the characteristics of experimentation,adaptation and sentimentalization as western naturalist works,but she never equate the techniques of Chinese novels to those naturalist literature.Instead,she just wanted to point out that in Chinese novel creation,characterization or depiction should be like what life is.