马克思分配正义的历史语境与解放旨趣

Historical Context and Interest of Liberation of Marx's Distributive Justice

基于社会生产系统的总体性视角,马克思从社会经济交往规则、社会生产力的决定力量、剥削性社会关系的扬弃等方面展开了关于分配问题的研究。其中不仅内含着价值观上的正义维度,也为当代马克思主义正义观的建构提供了必要的理论前提。马克思对拉萨尔式"分配正义"的批判,提供了反对从抽象权利和抽象概念层面进行正义观建构的典型案例,揭示了囿于资本主义社会分配环节的局部改良非但不能通向实质正义,反而会忽视整个资本主义经济体制的剥削本性并以虚假意识形态的形式掩盖资本主义时代的非正义根源。拉萨尔式分配正义的危害在于它放弃了无产阶级政党对社会主义的领导权,在消解社会主义使命的同时否定了"无产阶级专政"的理论合法性,最终使社会主义在价值观领域丧失话语权。马克思对拉萨尔式"分配正义"的批判,显示出马克思对资本主义制度确实存在着一种总体性的价值评价,并贯穿着"解放正义"这一逻辑主线,为共产主义运动和人类解放提供着最基本的价值观支撑。

Based on the overall view of social production system,Marx’s research on distribution involves the rules of social economic interaction,decisive strength of social productivity force,sublation of exploitative social relations,etc.It not only contains the dimension of justice in values,but also provides the necessary theoretical premise for constructing contemporary Marx’s view of justice.Marx’s criticism of Ferdinand Lassalle’s"distributive justice"offers the typical cases that constructing justice by abstract right or concept ought to be opposed.It also reveals that the partial improvement of distribution in capitalism society cannot lead to the substantive justice but leave the exploitative nature of capitalist economic system neglected and conceal the injustice root of capitalist as the form of false ideology.The harm of Ferdinand Lassalle’s"distributive justice"lies in the derecognition of the proletariat political party’s leadership of socialism,eliminating the socialist mission while denying the theoretical legitimacy of"dictatorship of the proletariat",and eventually depriving socialism of its voice in the field of values.Marx’s criticism of Ferdinand Lassalle’s"distributive justice"manifests his overall value evaluation on capitalism and a main line of justice by liberation,which supports the most fundamental values for the communist movement and human liberation.