生计流动:一种宋代女性行旅活动的历史考察

Livelihood Mobility: A Research on a Kind of Women's Travel in the Song Dynasty

宋代女性为求生计而奔波行旅的活动是一种较为突出的社会现象,主要有:女性因自然灾害背井离乡,因外患内乱而流离行旅,因家庭变故而迁转流徙,因日常生活所需奔波行旅,因侍奉主人而随主行旅等方面。宋代女性的生计流动,体现出多样性、被动性、阶层广泛性、社会流动性、时代性等基本特征。它不仅关系女性自身生活,也是一个涉及宋人家庭、社会乃至国家的较复杂的历史现象,呈现出与"家内"或"闺闱"之内的生活迥然有别的面貌,反映出儒家理想与实际生活、性别规范与社会实践之间的差别,对于宋代女性与宋代社会而言都有不可忽视的意义。

Livelihood mobility of women in the Song dynasty was an important social phenomenon which mainly included travel for career and daily life,due to natural disasters,out of bereavement of their father,husband,son or other family misfortunes,because of border and civil strife,and with their masters.Livelihood mobility of women had some basic features such as diversity,passivity,class universality,social mobility and times.It concerns not only the women’s own life but also their families,society and nation,which reflects the differences between Confucian ideal and real life,gender norms and social practice and is of great significance to women and the society of the Song dynasty.