永嘉学派的学术渊源

The Academic Origin of Yongjia School

永嘉学派自王开祖开学风之先,而后历经元丰太学九先生引洛学入两浙,郑伯熊、薛季宣中兴永嘉学术以及叶适集大成等几个阶段。在此期间,其学术旨趣由早期的"必竞省以御物欲"转向后期的"必弥纶以通世变"。深入考察永嘉学派的发展,可以得出关于永嘉学术的两个重要论断:其一,永嘉学术代表了儒学在两浙路的最早承继与发展,在其本质上,永嘉学术并非狭隘的地域性学术思想,其兴起与发展所开启的既是浙学发展的新气象,也是两宋以来传统儒家之继承与发展的新气象;其二,永嘉学术的事功思想虽然在薛季宣时代才得以明确,但王开祖、周行己等早期永嘉学者的思想中就已经内蕴了事功的学术取向。尤为值得强调的是,永嘉学术的事功取向并非狭隘的功利主义,它与儒学传统的合"内圣"与"外王"的义利观有着高度的一致性。

Yongjia school was originated by Wang Kaizu and experienced several phases, such as the introduction of Luo school to the east and west of Zhe region by nine scholars in the supreme college during the Yuanfeng Reign, the resurgence of Yongjia school by Zheng Boxiong and Xue Jixuan, and the epitomization by Ye Shi. During this period, its academic focus shifted from the early “controlling the desire for materialism” to the later “knowing and understanding the world”. Through the thorough study of Yongjia school, two important conclusions can be reached： first, Yongjia school represents the earliest inherence and development of Confucianism in the east and west of Zhe region. Essentially, it is not a shallow regional academic school. Its rise and development initiate the new look of Zhe school and the inherence and development of traditional Confucianism since the two Song Dynasties; second, though the Shigong idea was made clear in Xue Jixuan time, ideas of early Yongjia scholars like Wang Kaizu and Zhou Xingji had already embodied this academic orientation. What needs more emphasis is that the Shigong orientation is not materialism, but rather in accordance with the notion of interests combing “internal saints” and “external kings” in Confucian tradition.