论艺术的社会性

On the Sociality of Art

艺术的自主性是近代西方文艺美学的主流观点,即把艺术理解为与社会世界相隔离的一个特殊的独立的存在领域。这种理解将艺术的本质送入晦暗不明之中,最终导致艺术品的拜物教。康德提出,审美判断的先天根据就在于,对艺术之美的接受和认识要求"对每个人都必然有效"的普遍性,从而使其具有社会性的强制力。康德先验美学以此坚持了艺术的先验性在于社会性这一观点。阿多诺美学继承了康德的理论遗产,并站在马克思的理论高度上,更深刻地揭示了艺术与社会之间的内在联系,同时对艺术的社会性与艺术的自主性之间的关系作出了反思式的说明。

The autonomy of art is a prevailing viewpoint of modern Western literary aesthetics,which regards art as a special and independent domain isolated from the physical world.This understanding,as a result,finally leads art to fetishism.However,according to Kant,the innate basis of aesthetic judgment lies in the universality of the acceptance and understanding of the beauty of art,which accordingly endows its social compulsion.Kant’s transcendental aesthetics adheres to the view that the transcendence of art lies in its sociality.Adorno’s aesthetics,on the basis of Kant and Marx’s theory,reveals the inner deep connection between art and society,and at the same time makes a reflective interpretation on the relationship between the sociality and the autonomy of art.