中国农业技术进步的动力结构分析——基于2001-2015年省级面板数据的分析

Analysis of Power Structure of Agricultural Technology Progress in China:Based on Province Panel Data from 2001-2015

农业的发展是多种因素共同作用的结果,本文通过超越对数生产函数的分解,将农业产出增长归结为技术进步效应和投入增加效应,前者又表示为资本深化、人力资本积累和经营规模扩大等技术进步动力的作用结果,以此探讨中国农业发展中技术进步的动力结构。发现劳均农机动力提升具有变弹性的作用,劳均固定资本投资和其他动力因素对产出的影响都为固定弹性的作用;虽然农业生产中人力资本的边际产出最高,但各农业主产区普遍面临人力资本紧缺的现象;农业经营规模具有系统性的技术促进作用,尤其对资本深化过程有明显促进作用。分地区的研究表明技术进步的动力结构具有地域特征,不仅资本深化的路径各有特点,且经营规模扩张的系统性作用也不尽相同。在促进农业技术进步的过程中,需要因地制宜。

Agriculture development is of variety reasons. In this paper, these reasons are expressed to technology progress and factor accumulation by decomposition of CES production function. Technology progress, in further, is decomposed to cap- ital deepening, human capital accumulation and expended management scale, by which we can analyses the structure of tech- nology progress. What I found is that, the growth of agricultural mechanical power per labor has variable elasticity to agriculture output, while the growth of fixed capital investment per labor and other powerful factors all have fixed elasticity. Although hu- man capital gets up to highest marginal output, it is of terrible lack in every primary area for agriculture production. The scale of management play a systematic role, which celebrates the growth of other factors, especially to capital deepening. Further study in each area shows that power structure of technology progress is variable from one area to another, not only in the path of capital deepening but also in the systematic role of extended scale.