网络驱动的回应性政府:网络问政的制度扩散及运行模式

Internet Driven Government Responsiveness: Institutional Diffusion and Operational Models of Online Deliberation

互联网普及重塑着国家社会关系,驱动着网络问政等政府回应制度的形成及扩散。地方政府在中央压力、社会驱动、地方创新和政策学习等驱动下,逐步建立多元化网络问政制度,现有研究未能从制度视角讨论中国式回应性政府。本文以2009-2017年各省网络问政的比较制度分析和人民网"地方领导留言板"的实证研究,探讨了网络问政制度在我国的扩散态势、制度设计和运行模式,考察了多元化制度模式下的回应绩效。回应制度扩散呈跨区域与邻近区域学习共存的全国互动模式,且在制度设计上同质性和差异性并存。现阶段逐步形成了党委主导型、混合型、政府主导型、吸纳部门主导、行政业务部门主导、督导部门主导、信访主导七类运行模式,凸显出差异化回应绩效。总之,本研究为建设中国式回应性政府,提升政府回应能力提供理论和实践参考。

The widespread of the Internet has reshaped the state-society relation, and is driving the diffusion of the responsive gov-ernment, such as online deliberation, which is serving as the mechanism to link the public opinion and government policy. The local gov-ernment, driven by central policy, social forces, local experimentation and policy learning, has gradually established a pluralistic system of online deliberation. The existing research has not discussed the government responsiveness from the perspective of institutionalism.Based on comparative institutional analysis of local policies since 2009 and empirical investigation of ＂local leadership message board＂,this paper analyzes the design, diffusion, and operation models of online deliberation in China, and investigates the performance of re-sponsiveness under diversified regional institutions. The diffusion of online deliberation system is a process of regional interaction of poli-cy innovation and learning in cross regions and neighboring regions, and there is a coexistence of convergence and divergence in the in-stitutional design. At this stage, there are seven dominant models of responsive government operation in China, includes Party committee,government, absorbing institution, administrative department, supervision department, letter and visit office. In conclusion, this study pro-vides theoretical and practical implication for building a responsive government in China.