革命青年的修身与自治——以《袁玉冰日记》为中心

Cultivation and Autonomy of A Revolutionary Youth——Take Diaries of Yuan Yubing as Center

袁玉冰是大革命时期的“江西三杰”之一，“修身”和“自治”是他走向革命的内在动力。袁玉冰在南昌二中求学期间，面对种种现实生活问题和人生的烦闷，做出了两个反应：一是借用五四新文化运动的资源将之归结为社会制度问题，并要求改造社会；二是援用传统修身方法和清末自治学说进行个人修身，并将个人的修身自治向团体自治扩充。袁玉冰尝试将个人修身方法应用于团体自治中，实验失败后，他找到了“主义”来实现个人和团体的自治以及改造社会的目的。透过袁玉冰的个案，我们能够看到，传统的修身思想和实践方式对革命者的塑造起到了重要作用，而清末自治思想到五四时期已具备了更复杂的含义。

Yuan Yubing is one of the ＂outstanding three of Jiangxi Province＂ in the history of communist revolution. ＂Cultivation＂ and ＂autonomy＂ constitute his inner motive power on the road to revolution. While studying at The Second Middle School in Nanchang, in facing with the real life problems and depression, he reacted in two ways. The first way is to see it as a problem of social system, for which the ideological source was the new culture of the May Fourth Movement, and asked for reform such a society. The second way is his personal cultivation by the Chinese traditional methods and the theory of autonomy of the late Qing Dynasty, and extends it to group autonomy. His experiment of applying personal cultivation to group autonomy failed, then he found a way of ＂-ism＂ to realize the goal of personal and group autonomy, as well as the reform of society. We can see through Yuan Yubing＇s case that the idea and practice of traditional cultivation makes an important function for making a revolutionary, and the ideology of autonomy in late Qing Dynasty has more complicated meanings in the period of the May Forth Movement.