玉米秸秆残茬侧向抛出动力学模型建立与试验

Kinetics Modeling and Experiment of Lateral Throwing of Corn Straws

针对目前国内外免耕播种机及秸秆回收机均只能实现单一作业工序的现状,为实现2BMFJ系列原茬地免耕覆秸精量播种机增设秸秆同步回收装置,通过综合考虑空气阻力、土壤干涉及其他不可控因素,分析了被2BMFJ系列原茬地免耕覆秸精量播种机清秸装置抛出机组侧向的秸秆的空间运动轨迹,对秸秆被侧向抛出过程进行动力学分析,建立了含有修正系数的秸秆被侧向抛出的动力学模型及秸秆空间运动轨迹的参数化方程,并利用高速摄影技术,通过三因素五水平二次回归正交中心组合试验建立了修正系数回归模型。利用秸秆侧向抛出动力学模型,对秸秆回收装置与清秸装置进行匹配,并进行了田间试验,结果表明:平均秸秆回收率为91.21%,不清洁度为6.08%。

The 2 BMFJ type no-till precision planter which applied the way of expelling straw sideways was able to integrate seedbed preparing,precision seeding,fertilization,compacting,pesticide spraying,and straws mulching equably at one operation. The planter has become an important technical mean to guarantee the combination of intensive cultivation and conversation tillage of corn,soybean and peanut.It＇s necessary to design a kind of straws recovering device matching the 2 BMFJ type no-till precision planter,because of the reason that crop yield and microorganism were affected by crop-residue incorporation significantly. In order to understand the law of lateral throwing of straws which was impacted by the cleaning device of the 2 BMFJ type no-till precision planter,comprehensively considered with the influence of air resistance,soil interference and other uncontrollable factors on the spatial trajectory of the straws,the kinetics analysis of lateral throwing process of straws was taken,a model of straws lateral throwing kinetics with modified coefficients and a parametric equation of spatial trajectory of straw were established. A modified coefficient regression model which applied with the method of three-factor and five-level quadratic regression orthogonal center combination and a high-speed photography technology was established. The kinetics model of lateral throwing of corn straws was used to match the straws recycling device and cleaning straws device. The results of field test showed that straws recovery rate was up to 91. 21%,and the uncleanness rate was 6. 08%. The research result can provide reference for the design of 2 BMFJ type no-till precision planter matching a kind of straws recovering device.