摘要
为全面评价中国农作物对水资源真实消耗,计算并分析了31个省区1996—2015年农作物水足迹,并借助通径分析方法分别对影响农作物生产水足迹(单位耕地面积水足迹)时间变化和空间分布的影响因素进行了揭示。结果显示:全国年均农作物水足迹为1 421.07 Gm3,蓝水、绿水和灰水足迹分别占10.05%、66.79%及23.16%;粮食和水果类作物水足迹占总量的85%以上,二者很大程度上决定着中国农作物水足迹的变化。中国农作物生产水足迹为1 156.90 mm,时间上呈先下降后缓慢上升态势,空间上为从东南向西北逐渐递减的格局。人口密度、人均纯收入和化肥施用量是农作物生产水足迹时间变化的主要驱动因子,而降雨量、人均GDP及人均纯收入对其空间分布有重要影响。经济发展是降低农作物水足迹的原动力,可以促进化肥施用量降低、灌溉用水效率提高以及增强绿水资源调控能力。
In order to evaluate the actual water resources consumption in agricultural production industry comprehensively,the crop water footprint( total water footprint of all kinds of crops,CWP) in 31 provinces of China during 1996—2015 was calculated. The influencing factors for time-dependent and spatial distribution of crop production water footprint( CPWF,CWP per unit cultivated land) were revealed by using the path analysis method. The results showed that the national average annual CWP was estimated to be approximately 1 421. 07 Gm3,and blue,green and gray water footprint accounted for10. 05%,66. 79% and 23. 16%,respectively. The water footprint of grain and fruit crops accounted for more than 85% of the total,which decided the change trend of CWP in China. With a trend of decline after the slow rise,national CPWF in the studied period was 1 156. 90 mm. The spatial difference of CPWF was large,and it was decreased from southeast to northwest of China. Population density,per capita net income and fertilizer application were the main driving factors of time variation of CPWF,and rainfall,per capita GDP and per capita net income had important influence on the spatial distribution of CPWF. Economic development was the driving force to reduce the crop water footprint,which can promote the reduction of fertilizer application,the efficiency of irrigation water use and the ability to control green water resources. The following specific measures,including reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and water resource consumption caused by water environment pollution,improving irrigation water use efficiency to save agricultural water resources,controlling high consumptionin areas with serious exploitation of groundwater,expounding the proportion of effective irrigation area and improving the mechanization of the productive forces can be adopted to reduce the CWF.
作者
郭相平
高爽
吴梦洋
余涛
操信春
GUO Xiangping1,2 GAO Shuang1,2 WU Mengyang1,2 YU Tao1,2 CAO Xinchun1,2(1. Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China;2. College of Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, Chin)
出处
《农业机械学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2018年第5期295-302,共8页
Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51609065)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2015B11014)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2017M611681)
江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目(1701087B)
江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目
关键词
水足迹
农作物
时空格局
农业用水效率
通径分析
water footprint
crops
temporal and spatial pattern
agricultural water use efficiency
path analysis