星群观测任务自主规划的星地联合运行机制

A ground-onboard joint operation mechanism for the autonomous mission planning of imaging satellite cluster

对地观测卫星经常遇到发现新目标、偶发故障不能执行原观测任务等非预期情况,为了提高观测卫星的运行效率,解决在缺乏地面测控支持的情况下非预期观测任务的快速响应问题,需要设计面向自主任务规划的星地联合运行机制.首先针对遥感卫星星群的自主运行和任务规划问题,将其划分为地面规划和星上自主规划两部分,进而充分考虑地面和星上的资源特点和任务需求特点,提出了一种星地联合进行任务规划的运行机制,并详细设计了运行流程.通过自行开发的分布式仿真演示软件的仿真运行表明:该运行机制能够在星上自主任务规划和地面规划之间进行有效的协调、配合,既能够发挥地面计算资源优势、体现控制意图,又能充分利用星上计算的实时性和灵活性,对非预期任务进行快速响应;解决了地面对非预期观测任务响应不及时、星上计算资源受限、星地规划配合等问题,能够有效提高遥感卫星对非预期观测任务的响应能力.

Earth observation satellite often encounters unexpected situations such as finding a new target,failing to perform the original observation tasks. To improve the operation efficiency of observation satellite,and make a rapid response to the unexpected observation tasks in the absence of ground supports,researchers need to design groundonboard joint operation mechanism for the autonomous mission planning. Firstly, aiming at the autonomous operation of imaging satellite cluster,this paper divides the problem into two parts： the ground task planning and onboard autonomous planning. Furthermore,based on full consideration of the resources of ground station and satellite,and the requirments of observation task planning,a ground-onboard joint operation mechanism of mission planning is proposed,together with the detailed operation process. The result of the distributed simulation software shows that the mechanism can carry out an effective coordination between the on-board autonomous mission planning and the ground planning. It can reflect the controller＇s intention,taking advantage of ground computing ability and onboard real-time flexibility to rapid response on unexpected tasks. It can solve the problem of response delay on ground to the unexpected observation tasks,limited computing resources onboard and the cooperation between onboard planning and ground planning. The research achievements can effectively improve the response ability of the remote sensing satellite to the unexpected observation mission.