非磁性外圆表面磁性磨粒光整加工实验研究

Experimental Study on Magnetic Abrasive Finishing of Non-magnetic Material Outer Surface

目的对比不同类型磁性磨粒的光整加工效果,找出加工效果较优的磁性磨粒以提高非磁性外圆表面的光整加工质量。方法以6061铝合金管为研究对象,在相同条件下采用不同类型的磁性磨粒进行光整加工实验。采用粗糙度测量仪测试试件加工前后粗糙度值的变化。使用电子天平测试试件加工前后的质量变化,得出不同类型磁性磨粒加工的材料去除率(MRR)。运用超景深显微镜观测试件加工前后的形貌变化,进一步对比不同类型磁性磨粒光整加工的效果。结果采用粘结法磁性磨粒光整加工时,Ra值从初始的0.326μm减小到0.286μm,Rz值从初始的2.34μm减小到1.95μm,MRR为0.26μm/min。采用简单混合磁性磨粒光整加工时,Ra值从初始的0.346μm减小到0.303μm,Rz值从初始的2.42μm减小到2.09μm,MRR为0.195μm/min。采用粘弹性磁性磨粒光整加工时,6 min后达到加工极限,Ra值从初始的0.332μm减小到0.146μm,Rz值从初始的2.25μm减小到1.05μm,MRR为0.651μm/min。结论与其他类型的磁性磨粒相比,采用粘弹性磁性磨粒光整加工非磁性外圆表面时,加工效果最优,试件表面质量得到大幅度提高。

The work aims to improve finishing quality of non-magnetic outer surface by comparing the finishing effects of various magnetic abrasive particles and finding the magnetic abrasive particles exhibiting better processing effect. With 6061 aluminum alloy tube as object of study, finishing experiments were carried out with different types of magnetic abrasive particles under the same conditions. Changes in roughness value of samples before and after finishing were tested with a roughness measuring instrument. Changes in mass of samples before and after finishing were tested with an electronic balance, and material removal rate（MRR） of various magnetic abrasive particles was obtained. In order to further compare finishing performance of various magnetic abrasive particles, ultra DOF microscope was used to observe changes in morphology before and after finishing. After experiment testing, Ra value decreased from initial 0.326 μm to 0.286 μm, Rz value decreased from initial 2.34 μm to 1.95 μm, and MRR was 0.26 μm/min when the bonding magnetic abrasive particles were used. The Ra value decreased from initial 0.346 μm to 0.303 μm, Rz value decreased from initial 2.42 μm to 2.09 μm, and MRR was 0.195 μm/min when simply mixed magnetic abrasive powders were used. Processing limit was reached, Ra value decreased from initial 0.332 μm to 0.146 μm, Rz value decreased from the initial 2.25 μm to 1.05 μm, and MRR was 0.651 μm/min when viscoelastic magnetic abrasive particles were used in 6 minutes. Compared with other kinds of magnetic abrasive particles, viscoelastic magnetic abrasive particles have better finishing effect, and surface quality of sample is greatly improved.