喀斯特小流域栓皮栎林土壤螨类群落结构特征

Community structure of soil mites under Quercus variabilis forests in small watershed of karst area,Guizhou,China

为比较石漠化环境与喀斯特森林土壤螨类的群落结构差异,对贵州喀斯特地区朝营小流域栓皮栎林的土壤螨类群落结构本底进行了研究,经2014年各季节的4次调查,共发现土壤螨类3目54科83属.对螨类属数、个体数量、个体密度、Shannon多样性指数(H)、Margalef丰富度指数(SR)、Pielou均匀性指数(J)、捕食性螨类成熟度指数(MI)、甲螨MGP类群和甲螨营养结构等进行了分析.结果表明:土壤螨类在类群属数和个体数量上均以甲螨亚目的属占优势,夏季和秋季具有丰富的属数、较高的个体密度与多样性,春季和秋季具有丰富的个体数量,群落分布具有明显的表聚性.捕食性螨类夏季生态类群以K选择型为主,其他季节以r选择型为主;甲螨生态类群主要为P型和O型,缝甲螨属、异珠足甲螨属和合若甲螨属等属构成了栓皮栎林土壤螨类的营养功能集团.研究表明,该区山毛榉林与其他地区山毛榉林、其他不同类型森林的土壤螨类主要类群存在差异,其中含丰富属组成的派伦螨科、厉螨科、奥甲螨科和单翼甲螨科以及多奥甲螨属、派伦满属、菌甲螨属和单翼甲螨属等数量上占优势的类群属可作为山毛榉林土壤环境的生物指示.

To analyze the differences of community structure of soil mites between the rocky desertification environment and karst beech forests,we investigated the soil mites of Quercus variabilis forest in the Chaoying small watershed of Guizhou Province. Soil mites from 83 genera,54 families,and 3 orders were collected in the four investigations of 2014. We analyzed the differences of genus numbers,individual numbers,individual density,Shannon diversity index(H）,Margalef richness index(SR）,Pielou evenness index(J）,maturity index(MI） of predatory soil mites(Mesostigmata： Gamasina）,community structure of the oribatid mites(MGP） and nutritional structure of mite. Results showed that Oribatida was dominant in taxonomic richness and individual abundance.Abundant genus,high individual density and diversity of soil mites were found in summer and autumn,and higher individual abundance was found in spring and autumn. Soil mites showed surface-aggregation in their distribution. Most predatory mites were K-selected in summer and r-selected in other seasons. The ecological groups of the oribatid mites were mainly P-type and O-type. Hypochthonius,Allobelba and Zygoribatula constituted the nutrient function group of the soil mites. There were significant differences in the main groups of soil mites in the beech forest and other forest types. Among all the groups,Parholaspididae,Laelapidae,Oppiidae and Haplozetidae with abundant genera composition,Multioppia,Parholaspulus,Scheloribates and Haplozetes with predominance could be used as a biological indicator for the soil environment in beech forests.