美国中小学教学标准运动发展研究

Exploring the Changes in Teaching Standards for Elementary and Secondary Schools in USA

美国中小学教学标准运动根植于从教育公平转向教育卓越的改革背景,它以提升教学质量为目标,强调教师为学生理解而教,注重情境中的能力发展,坚持教学内容与方法的多元化与合作性教学,强化教师在学生自主学习中的指导作用等。美国中小学教学标准运动以学业标准为基础,以教学标准为保障,坚持"教""学"标准相融通以实现教学改造,具有明显的整合性、多元性、精准性等特征。美国中小学教学标准运动对于提高我国中小学课堂教学质量,探索教学最优化,发展学生核心素养,以及提升教师专业水平等具有重要的启示与借鉴意义。

Under the educational reform contexts of＂Return to Basics＂after the World War Ⅱ,later increasing the depth of academic learning,and more recently the push for academic excellence in student performance,teaching standards for elementary and secondary schools in the United States have changed in the past few decades. Their driving force has shifted from educational equity to educational excellence. In more recent years,teaching for understanding,application to real word,process-oriented instruction,development of students＇ in situations,differentiated instruction,culturally responsive teaching for diverse students,student-centered learning,and cooperative learning have become the themes of recommended instructional approaches. Effective instructional strategies,pedagogy,and the factors that positively significantly contribute to student learning have been more systematically studied. More systematic,integrated,and aligned teaching and learning goals have been developed and implemented across the states as a way to boost instructional effectiveness. Understanding the changes in teaching standards for American elementary and secondary schools can be help and inform thinking and discussion about the improvement on instructional effectiveness,instruction optimization,and student qualities,and teachers＇ professional capacities in primary and secondary schools in China.