土尔扈特东归中哈萨克形象再研究——以阿布赉汗为中心

A Study on the Positive Role the Kazakh Leader Abulai Played during the Return of the Turgut Tribe to the East

本文以中国第一历史档案馆藏军机处满文录副奏折为核心史料,考察哈萨克首领阿布赉在土尔扈特东归中所起作用,分析阿布赉率领左部哈萨克积极履行藩属义务,参与清朝重大边疆治理活动的史实。针对学界以往普遍低估或否定土尔扈特东归过程中哈萨克首领阿布赉所起积极作用的传统观点,认为阿布赉以清朝忠诚藩属身份出现,并对清朝治理新疆和中亚地区产生重要影响。同时探讨了土尔扈特东归取道哈萨克草原的真实原因,阿布赉遣使通信及其"密报"所起关键作用,清廷接报后得以更加妥善安置土尔扈特部众等问题。

The return of Turgut tribe to the east, happened in the last half of the eighteenth century. This essay uses Manchu archives from the First Historical Archives of China as the core material, combined with related historical resources, to study the positive role the Kazakh leader Abulai played during the event, to analyze the historical truth of Abulai＇ s leadership of the Left Sector of the Kazahhs who did their duty as the Qing dynasty＇ s vassal state and participated in Qing dynasty＇ s borderland management. On the foundation of previous study which greatly underestimated or even denied the positive role that Abulai had played during the event, this essay advances new arguments to explain the true reason that Turgut choose to pass across Kazakh steppe. In fact, Abulai dispatched envoys to deliver news and his ＂ Secret Reports＂ to Emperor Qianlong. Because of this, the Qing Court made better arrangements for the Turgut tribe. Finally, the author concludes that Abulai played role of loyal vassal to the Qing dynasty.