《春秋》“归赗”考释

The Analysis of (the) Meaning of Feng in The Spring and Autumn Annals

《春秋》中记载了两次"归赗",分别是隐公元年"天王使宰咺来归惠公仲子之赗"及文公五年"王使荣叔归含且赗"。《春秋》三传中对"赗"的解释各执一词,归结起来大致有两说法,一曰"车马",一曰"马"。对于"赗"的用途,则有三说,一曰"佐生",一曰"送死",一曰"于死生两施"。结合现今考古发掘出的车马坑及丧葬文书来看,"赗"应该是"车马",至于其作用解释为"于死生两施"更为合理,结合《左传》中两次"归赗"的上下文,将"赗"解为"助主人送葬"之车马也是恰当的。

The Spring and Autumn Annals recorded the FENG(赗) given by Emperors twice. At the first time, the Emperor sent a messenger named Xuan(咺) to give HuiGongZhongZi(惠公仲子) a FENG in the first year of duke Yin of Lu. At the second time, the Emperor sent a messenger named RongShu(荣叔) to give HAN(含)and FENG in the fifth year of duke Wen of Lu. The Zuo Commentary, the Gongyang commentary and Guliang commentary have different opinions on the FENG, which can be summed up to the following two aspects, one thinks FENG is Carriage and horse, the other thinks FENG only refer to horse. And there are three statements about the function of FENG. One considers it helps the bereaved family, one thinks it＇s a gift for the dead, another thinks it takes care of both the living and the dead. With the archaeological excavations of cultural relics and documents from the funeral, FENG means the carriage and the horse and takes care of both the living and the dead. From the context recorded twice in the Zuo Commentary, FENG should be explained as the carriage and horse helping host in the funeral.