阔叶红松林地表鞘翅目多样性及种间关联性

Diversity and interspecific associations of ground Coleoptera in a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest

生物间相互作用被认为是群落构建机制的重要驱动力,然而目前不同空间尺度土壤动物群落物种间相互关联性仍不清楚。为了揭示小尺度空间地表鞘翅目成虫的物种组成、多样性及种间关联性,并验证是否亲缘关系较近的同属(科)物种之间多表现为负关联性,本实验于2015年8月、10月在丰林自然保护区9 hm2阔叶红松林固定监测样地,采用陷阱法捕获地表鞘翅目土壤动物。结果表明:(1)两次实验共捕获地表鞘翅目成虫1394只,隶属9科58种,其中步行虫科和隐翅虫科为优势科。10月捕获的个体数量和物种数相较于8月明显减少,群落多样性在8月和10月间具明显差异。(2)8月份,葬甲科、步行虫科和隐翅虫科群落丰富度均为显著的正关联,不同科地表鞘翅目成虫物种之间空间生态位重叠度较低,种间关系多为随机关系;同科内物种之间大多数为随机关系,极少数物种之间表现为显著的正/负的关联性。本研究表明,小尺度空间地表鞘翅目成虫群落组成和多样性在2个月份间具有明显变化,群落内物种间多为随机性关系,亲缘关系较近的物种间并未表现较多显著的负关联性。

Biotic interaction is considered as an important driver for community assembly. However,it is still unclear for the interspecific associations of soil animal communities at different spatial scales. To reveal species composition,diversity and interspecific associations of ground Coleoptera adults at small scale,and to verify whether negative interspecific associations are common in congeneric/coordinal species pairs,an experiment was conducted in a 9-hm2 permanent plot in a broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest in Xiaoxing＇an Mountains,Heilongjiang Province,China. Traps were used to capture ground Coleoptera beetles in August and October 2015.The results showed that：（ 1） A total of 1394 Coleoptera adults were collected in the two months,belonging to nine families and 58 species,in which Carabidae and Staphylinidae beetles were dominant in abundance. The abundance and species richness of Coleoptera in October were significantly lower than those in August. Moreover,the community diversity was significantly different between the two months.（ 2） The associations among individuals in Carabidae,Silphidae and Staphylinidae communities were significantly positive. The overlaps of spatial niche between two species from different families were narrow and the species associations between them were almost random. For beetles from the same family,most species pairs were random associations and few species pairs were significantly positive/negative associations. Our results demonstrated that the species composition and diversity were significantly different for ground Coleoptera adults in summer and autumn at small scale. Random associations were detected for almost all species pairs,whereas negative associations were not common for congeneric/coordinal species pairs.