北京市城区2005-2015年屋顶绿化发展趋势、分布格局及政策推动

Roof greening in urban area of Beijing during 2005-2015: Development trends,distribution patterns and policy promotion

基于北京市各城区2005—2015年每年屋顶绿化建设面积及相关政策,明确了北京市屋顶绿化自推广以来的建设状况,分析了屋顶绿化建设在各城区及各业主单位类型的分布,研究了屋顶绿化在城市绿化覆盖中的比例及变化。同时,探究了相关政策对屋顶绿化发展的推动作用。结果表明:2005—2015年北京市城区共建设屋顶绿化1.23×10~6m^2,平均每年建设1.12×10~5m^2;截至2015年,各城区累计建设屋顶绿化面积的排序为朝阳区>东城区>海淀区>西城区>丰台区>石景山区;2011—2015年,党政机关等事业单位、学校及科研机构和医院所属公共机构建筑是北京市城区实施屋顶绿化的主体,占各年屋顶绿化建设总面积的比例为62.0%~80.4%;2011—2015年,屋顶绿化在城市绿化覆盖中所占比例逐年提高,且该比例表现为首都功能核心区大于城市功能拓展区;截至2015年,北京市城区屋顶绿化面积仅占城市绿化覆盖面积的0.30%,未来对于增加北京市城市绿化覆盖面积的潜力还很大。建议今后可通过强化鼓励措施和制定强制措施进一步推进北京市屋顶绿化的发展。

Based on the data of roof greening in urban areas of Beijing and relevant policy documents released from 2005 to 2015,the situation of roof greening in urban Beijing was clarified.The distributions of roof greening in each urban district of Beijing as well as building types were examined. Moreover,the proportion of roof greening in urban greening coverage and its annual dynamics were investigated. The promotion effect of documented policy on the development of roof greening was analyzed. The results showed that from 2005 to 2015 the total installation area of green roof in Beijing urban areas was 1.23×10^6 m^2,with an annual average of 1.12×10^5 m^2. Up to 2015,the sequence of accumulated area of newly constructed roof greening for all urban districts was Chaoyang〉 Dongcheng 〉Haidian〉 Xicheng 〉Fengtai 〉Shijingshan. Regarding the distribution of roof greening on different building types,public buildings for governmental agencies,colleges and schools,institutes,and hospitals were the main components,accounting for 62.0%-80.4% of the annual total expansion area from 2011 to 2015. During this period,the proportion of roof greening in urban greening coverage increased over time,which was larger in capital functional core zone than in capital functional extension zone. However,up to 2015,roof greening took up only 0.30% of greening coverage in Beijing urban areas,indicating great potential in the future expansion of urban roof greening in Beijing. Strengthening incentive measures and promulgation of compulsory measures were suggested to promote the development of roof greening in urban Beijing.