论地方戏曲的“同质化”倾向及其应对之策

A Study on the “Homogenization” Tendency of Local Operas and the Countermeasures

目前,地方戏曲"同质化"倾向严重,主要表现在两个方面:一是戏曲向话剧、影视等艺术形式的趋同,使戏曲作品的非戏曲化特征明显;二是剧种之间在表演、唱腔以及舞美等方面的趋同,使地方戏曲由此变得面目模糊,辨识度低。因此,在恢复挖掘濒危戏曲剧种的同时,既要确保剧种的多样性,又要促进剧种的创生性。任何违背戏曲自身美学规范的创新和探索都是不值得提倡的,戏曲创作应该自觉地扎根传统,重视不同剧种的本体性、独特性,树立戏曲文化自信,向经典作品学习,形成具有剧种特色的保留剧目和唱段,培养在行业内叫响的代表性演员,这是当下对抗剧种趋同的有效办法。

Currently,the local operas are experiencing a severe ＂homogenization ＂ in China. The＂homogenization＂mainly shows in two directions. One is the convergence of local operas towards such forms of arts as modern dramas,films and television,thus imbuing local operas with the distinct characteristics of non-dramatization in opera creation. The other is the convergence of different local operas in terms of performance,ways of singing and stage art,thus making different local operas not easily unrecognizable and differentiable. While defining the concept of ＂homogenization ＂ of local operas,this essay tries to analyze the contributing factors of such a phenomenon,and to propose corresponding counter measures. The author believes that any opera innovation and exploration that go against the aesthetic norms of local operas is not recommendable. The effective solutions for confronting＂homogenization＂should be consciously take root in their traditions when composing local operas,placing a high value on the unique performing systems of Chinese operas,becoming culturally self-confident,learning from classic works,producing repertoires and arias typical of their own operas,and cultivate well-known actors in the profession.