汉唐时期“五经”学系统的内部调整与发展

Development of the System of the Five Classics Studies from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty

自汉迄唐长达数百年的时间里,"五经"学系统内部有较大的调整与发展。首先,"五经"经传的地位有升有降,在《春秋》公羊学、《仪礼》地位明显下降的同时,《礼记》《左传》的地位显著上升,并最终跻身于"五经"的行列。其次,"五经"经传的传本大多从今文经变为古文经(或伪古文经),且由经书单行本变成了经传(注)合编本。再次,经书注解有了较大的发展,从西汉今文经的专经之学,到东汉古文经的兼综之学,再到南北朝的义疏之学,经历了从注"经书"到疏"经注"的转变,且注释的重点从侧重名物训诂发展到开始侧重义理。以上三个方面的调整与发展,为唐初孔颖达主持编纂《五经正义》确定"新五经"学,奠定了学术基础。而在此基础上发展出来的"九经""十二经",在一定程度上已经突破了汉唐之间的"五经"学系统,这充分说明既有的"五经"学系统已经无法完全满足当时的社会需求,经学研究面临新的变革。

The Five Classics are the most important classics in the study of Confucian classics from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty. However,in that period,three changes took place： First,the status of the Five Classics witnessed both increase and decrease,while that of the Book of Rites and Zuo Zhuan increased significantly. Second,most versions of the Five Classics changed from classics written in Han＇s official script to classics written in ancient script. Third,the annotations of the classics went through much development. In the early Tang dynasty,a new system of the Five Classics studies came into being.