中国迁地栽培药用植物多样性现状

Species diversity of ex-situ cultivated Chinese medicinal plants

迁地保护是保护生物遗传资源的重要手段，随着中药资源综合利用价值的不断提升，资源保护问题日益受到重视。该文对全国迁地栽培药用植物的主要机构收录的物种进行了调研和资料梳理。以Species 2000（2017版）等数据库为分类依据，对药用植物迁地栽培情况进行了统计分析。研究发现我国迁地栽培高等植物共16351种，其中药用植物6949种，隶属于276科，1936属，共占全部药用植物的50．4％；《红色名录》涉及受威胁药用植物1280种（占受威胁物种的19．6％），迁地栽培种占59．5％；中国特有药用植物3988种（占中国特有种的22．5％），迁地栽培种占53．3％。该文对药用植物资源管理和保护具有借鉴意义。

Ex-situ conservation is an important means to protect biological genetic resources. Resource protection has received more and more attention with the continuous improvement of the comprehensive utilization of traditional Chinese medicine resources. In this paper, the research and compilation of the species list of ex-situ cultivated medicinal plants in 12 Chinese Academy of Sciences botanic gardens and 19 specialized medicinal botanic gardens in China were carried out. Based on the Species 2000 （2017） and other classifi- cation databases, species diversity of medicinal plants ex-situ cultivated in these botanical gardens were analyzed. The study found that there were 16 351 higher plant species in our country, belonging to 276 families and 1 936 genera. Of these, 6 949 specieswere medic- inal plants, accounting for 50.4% of the total medicinal plants. There were 1 280 medicinal plants were in threatened status, account- ing for 19.6% of all threatened species in the Chinese Biodiversity Red List, with ex-situ cultivated proportion of 59.5%. And 3 988 medicinal plants were Chinese endemic species, accounting for 22.5% of all Chinese endemic species, with ex-situ cultivated propor- tion of 53.3%. This article has reference significance for the management and protection of medicinal plant resources.