分流与交流:荷兰学制及对我国职教设计的启示

Shunt and Communication:The Netherlands School System and the Enlightenment for the Vocational Education in China

荷兰双轨制学制由普通轨和职业轨构成,每条轨均设计有完整的学位制度以及相互之间非常灵活的职普沟通体系。在中等教育阶段,获得职业教育学业证书是进入劳动力市场的前提之一;在高等教育阶段,职业教育轨不仅有由副学士、学士、硕士、博士构成的专业学位体系,而且学校数量和在校生规模均远远超过普通教育。参照荷兰学制,特别是职业教育的设计经验,在增设副学士和学士专业学位、加强应用技术型大学建设力度、构建更加灵活的职普分流与交流体系等方面值得探索。

The Netherlands double-track school system consists of general track and vocational track, each of which is designed with the complete degree system and very flexible communication system between vocational education and ordinary education. In the stage of secondary education, achieving the diploma of vocational education is one of the preconditions to get into the labor market. In the stage of higher education, the track of vocational education not only has the professional degree system consisting of associate bachelor, bachelor, master and Ph D, but also the number of school and the scale of students all far exceed ordinary education. Referring to the Netherlands school system, especially the design experience of vocational education, Netherlands has many aspect that are worth learning from, such as increasing the associate bachelor’s degree and the bachelor’s degree, strengthening the construction of universities of applied sciences and building a more flexible shunt and communication system between vocational education and ordinary education.