供给侧改革视角下中国国家湿地公园建设研究

Building National Wetland Park from Perspective of Supply Side Reform

建设国家湿地公园,注重湿地保护、宣传和教育、湿地合理利用,是缓解湿地资源保护与城市化进程矛盾的可行举措,也是《湿地公约》所提倡的发展方向。截至2017年底,中国已有国家湿地公园898处,有效缓解了湿地保护的压力。但是,国家湿地公园发展速度过快,也出现了＂重申报、轻建设＂、发展不平衡、结构不尽合理、同质化严重等问题。在分析中国国家湿地公园建设现状、存在问题的基础上,从供给侧改革角度出发,提出在湿地生态保护提升、科普及宣传和教育能力建设、生态旅游竞争力提高、科研监测和成果转化4方面挖掘国家湿地公园的供给潜力;提出总体布局结构优化、培育投资参与新主体及推动管理改革、提高民众参与度等对策措施,以期为＂十三五＂期间科学、合理地建设国家湿地公园提供参考。

Building national wetland park and implementing wetland protection, popular education and resources＇ rational utilization are feasible measures to alleviate the contradiction between wetland resources protection and urbanization processes, and are also consistent with the development mode advocated by Wetland Convention. By the end of 2017, 898 national wetland parks have been built nationwide, effectively alleviating the pressure of wetland protection. However, due to the rapid development, problems such as inadequate construction, unbalanced development, unreasonable structure and pervasive homogeneity etc., have emerged.Based on an analysis of construction status of national wetland parks and existing problems and from the perspective of supply side reform, this paper proposed to unleash the supply potential of national wetland park from wetland ecosystem protection and enhancement, popular science and education capacity-building, ecotourism competitiveness promotion and scientific monitoring and technology transfer. A perspective on national wetland park future development was also provided in the end, which recommended measures including overall layout optimization, investment channels expansion and mass participation encouragement. The paper was expected to provide reference to national wetland park construction during the 13th Five-year Plan.