4MarkoffJ. How many computers to identify a cat?[NJ The New York Times, 2012-06-25.
5MarkoffJ. Scientists see promise in deep-learning programs[NJ. The New York Times, 2012-11-23.
6李彦宏.2012百度年会主题报告:相信技术的力量[R].北京:百度,2013.
710 Breakthrough Technologies 2013[N]. MIT Technology Review, 2013-04-23.
8Rumelhart D, Hinton G, Williams R. Learning representations by back-propagating errors[J]. Nature. 1986, 323(6088): 533-536.
9Hinton G, Salakhutdinov R. Reducing the dimensionality of data with neural networks[J]. Science. 2006, 313(504). Doi: 10. 1l26/science. 1127647.
10Dahl G. Yu Dong, Deng u, et a1. Context-dependent pre?trained deep neural networks for large vocabulary speech recognition[J]. IEEE Trans on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing. 2012, 20 (1): 30-42.