公众参与科学中互动专长论的引入

The Introduction of the Theory of Interactional Expertise in Public Participation in Science

科学的社会研究的第二波论证了公众参与科学的合理性,但在公众如何参与科学方面学者们却意见不一,柯林斯的互动专长论在这方面颇具前景,它不仅可作为突破公众参与科学的知识障碍的理论工具,而且在从具体层面推动公众参与科学、增强不同范式的专业共同体间的有效交流及为科学实践治理的效率—公平均衡提供框架等方面具有积极意义。与此同时,互动专长论也遭受着对互动专家成就、对转译默会知识的能力和必要及对对技术阶段—政治阶段划分的质疑,这是它面临的主要困难。对此,一个可行的策略是继续循着科学的社会研究的第三波的旨趣,反思来自其他阵营对这种旨趣的批评,结合更多公众参与科学案例的分析,探究和完善互动专长论及其在公众参与科学中的作用。

Public participation in science is reasonable,but in terms of the public how to participate in scientific practice is divided in opinion. The theory of interactional expertise has a good prospect,it can not only be used as a theoretical tool to break through the knowledge barrier of public participation in science,but also has positive significance in promoting public participation in science from a specific level,strengthening effective communication among the professional community whose shared different paradigms,and providing a balance framework to efficiency-fair of scientific practice management. At the same time,theory of interactional expertise faced with some difficulties,whose mainly embody in the following questioned aspects： achievement of interactional experts,ability and necessary to translate the tacit knowledge and the division of technical stage and political stage. For those,The best strategy is to follow the purport of social science in the third wave,reflect on the criticisms from opposing camps,combine with more analysis of the scientific practice management case,so that to exploring and improving the interactional expertise theory and its role in science of public participation.