燃料电池Pt基阴极催化剂研究进展

Research progress of platinum-based cathode catalysts for fuel cells

对于燃料电池阴极氧还原反应,贵金属Pt被认为是最佳的催化剂活性组分。但是,纯Pt价格昂贵,在反应过程中容易受到小分子中间产物的毒化而失活。为了降低Pt的用量同时提高催化剂的活性,多种新型的Pt基阴极催化剂如合金及其复合材料、金属间化合物、核壳结构、空心结构及其他特殊形貌的催化剂都已经被研究,经测试,这些催化剂都能有效地提高阴极氧还原反应速率。对近些年出现的一些新型的Pt基阴极催化剂的研究进展进行了简要的概述。

Platinum is considered to be the best active component of cathode catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） in fuel cells. However, platinum metal is pretty costly and easily poisoned by intermediate products in the ORR. In order to reduce platinum use and improve catalytic activity, various novel Pt-based cathode catalysts,such as alloys or composites, intermetallic compounds, core-shell nanoparticles, hollow nanospheres and special morphology catalysts, were investigated and reported. The electrochemical measurements confirm that the above catalysts can effectively improve the rate of ORR. The research progress of novel Pt-based cathode catalysts in recent years was presented.