异源染色体附加对普通小麦氮磷吸收能力和利用效率的影响

Effect of Alien Chromosomes on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Uptake Capacity and Utilization Efficiency of Common Wheat

为明确异源染色体的附加对普通小麦氮、磷吸收能力和利用效率的影响,以中国春为对照,设计不同浓度水平的氮、磷组合进行苗期水培试验,评价了43份中国春背景下小麦异附加系的氮、磷吸收能力和利用效率。对不同水平氮磷组合处理下的苗期表型调查发现,氮、磷胁迫均会抑制地上部分生长,促进地下部分生长;低氮胁迫降低了苗期的株高、茎干重和总干重,提高了根长、叶数、SPAD值及根茎比;磷缺乏提高了根干重和根茎比,抑制了其余性状。在中氮和低氮处理下,Ae.searsii 1SS等13个小麦异附加系的总干重高于中国春,表现出稳定的氮高效;低氮处理下,Ps.huashanica E等9个小麦异附加系的氮吸收能力显著高于中国春,Ps.huashanica C等4个小麦异附加系的氮利用效率显著高于中国春。在磷充足及磷胁迫处理下,Ag.intermedium B等5个小麦异附加系的总干重高于中国春,表现出稳定的磷高效;低磷处理下,Ag.intermedium B等4个小麦异附加系的磷吸收能力显著高于中国春,L.racemosus L附加系和Ag.elongatum 6E附加系的磷利用效率显著高于中国春。进一步分析氮、磷高效的小麦异附加系携带的异源染色体,没有观察到染色体部分同源群聚集的现象。筛选出的异源染色体附加系可作为小麦育种的中间材料,进行养分高效的遗传分析或育种应用。

To identify alien chromosome or germplasm with high nitrogen（N） or phosphorus（P） efficiency,43 wheat addition lines along with their common parent Chinese Spring（CS） were cultured by hydroponics,and their phenotypic traits,N/P uptake and utilization efficiency were investigated at seedling stage under both N/P moderate and deficient conditions.The phenotypic variation under different treatments showed that N deficiency decreased plant height,shoot dry weight and total dry weight,while increased root length,number of leaves,SPAD value and root to shoot ratio.P deficiency decreased all the measured traits except root dry weight and root to shoot ratio.By comparing the total dry weight with CS,13 addition lines were identified as N-efficient and 5 lines were supposed as P-efficient germplasm.The introgression of alien chromosomes affected N/P uptake and utilization efficiency.Significantly higher N uptake capacity and utilization efficiency was found in nine and four addition lines,respectively,under low N treatment.And higher P uptake capacity and utilization efficiency was observed in four and two addition lines under low P condition,respectively.The screened addition lines could be further used in study or breeding program for improving N/P efficiency.