人口减少时代日本九州市应对老龄化社会的公共交通规划及启示

Public Transport Planning and Enlightenment for an Aging Society of Kyushu City in the Era of Population Reduction

目前迈入人口减少时代的日本,老龄化和机动车大众化问题的不断深入导致老年人移动便利性低下、地方经济财政状况恶化、环境负荷增加等一系列社会经济问题。为此,日本从2006年开始倡导全国范围内开展紧凑城市建设,整顿和完善辅助紧凑城市实现的公共交通体系规划,但至今成效仍然差强人意。在此背景之下,以日本人口减少和老龄化问题较为严重的九州市紧凑型城市案例为研究对象,探讨分析当前紧凑城市建设中公共交通规划存在的诸多问题,提出了行政主导的规范明确化、动员官民合作的据点式开发、地区管理的市民参与等改善建议,并冀图从中得到对人口减少的中国收缩城市应对老龄化的有益启示。

Local population aging and popularization of motor vehicles resulted in some social economic problems in Japan, such as low mobile convenience, deterioration of local economic financial conditions and increasing environmental pressure. So MLIT began to advocate carrying on compact city planning countrywide since 2006 and to rectify and improve public transport system promoting compact city. But the effect is still unsatisfied so far. Given the seriousness and importance of this problem, it analyzes the existing problems of public transport planning in the current compact urban construction in the case of the Kyushu compact city. Some advice is put forward as follows：（1） specification of the executive-led norms;（2） compact village development between the official and people;（3） participation in empirical experiments and modification of regulatory interpretation;（4） public participation of community management. These advice can offer some new enlightenment to cope with population aging of shrinking cities in China.