城市高层住区居民选择的避难场所空间特征研究

Study on Spatial Characteristics of Residents' Evacuation Shelter Selection in High Rise Residential

在地震发生时,居民的疏散避难是一个以人为主体、空间为客体的活动。避难场所不仅仅是公共服务设施空间布局时需考虑的问题,它与人的避难需求和避难行为特征密切相关。选取南京市12个高层住区进行实地调研和问卷调查,通过行为地图的研究方法来收集第一手数据。通过详细剖析各个样本住区避难场所的相关数据,分析和归纳高层住区居民选择的避难场所的空间特征——避难距离、可达性和均衡性,阐述了空间特征的影响要素。从人的角度出发,对避难场所的规划和设计提出了服务半径、可达性、空间选址和空间布局方面的规划策略。

When the earthquake occurs, the evacuation of residents is a process in which human act as subject and space as object. Shelter, not just a spatial distribution of public service facilities, is closely related to the characteristics of people＇s evacuation needs and evacuation behavior. In this paper, we selected twelve high rise residential buildings in Nanjing city to conduct field research and questionnaire survey to collect first hand data. Through the detailed analysis of each sample live area shelter related data, this paper analyses and concludes the spatial characteristics of high rise residential area residents when choosing the place of shelter： distance, accessibility and distribution are the three main factors. Finally, from the point of view of people, the planning and design of the shelter space, service radius, accessibility, spatial location and spatial layout are proposed.