清中后期龙门县的姓氏分布与聚落形态

The Surnames Distribution and Settlements Pattern of Longmen County in the Middle and Late Qing Dynasty

作为典型的山地县,有多达九十余个姓族繁衍生息其间,乃龙门在清中后期开发和发展的重要人力条件。在开发利用土地的角力过程中,各姓族尤其大姓以一姓一村的常态形式散布在丘陵谷地之间,渐成各有其相对特定居住地域的分布格局,并形成一批数量可观的以某姓为专名和以"屋"为通名的姓氏聚落地名。由此可见,龙门聚落形态显著的宗族性和散居性,体现了岭南山区农业聚落形态的典型性。显然,僻远复杂而相对封闭的山地环境,为其姓氏分布格局及聚落特征形成深厚的土壤。这些仍然是今天龙门县乡镇社会发展及传统村落保护和利用不可忽视的历史因素。

As a typical mountainous county,there were more than ninety surnames who lived and reproduced in Longmen County,which was an important manpower condition for its development in the middle and late Qing Dynasty. In the process of developing and utilizing the land,different surnames,especially big surnames,were commonly scattered among hills and valleys in a way of one surname-one village,and formed the distribution pattern with a relatively specific residence area for each surname. There existed a significant number of surnames settlement,names with a certain name as a special name and＂house＂as a common name. This showed significant clan and dispersion of settlement patterns in Longmen county,which embodied the typicality of the agricultural settlement form in the mountain area of South of the Five Ridges.Obviously,the formation of surname distribution pattern and settlement characteristics were based on remote complex and relatively closed mountain environments. Today,it should not be ignored that these historical factors are still useful for the social development of villages and towns,and the protection and utilization of traditional villages in Longmen county.